Archimedes Screw

A composed layout on the piano is augmented by a synthesized "spatial shadow" through eight loudspeakers, mapping each stream's amplitude to panning – a circular, spiraling effect reminiscent of an Archimedes screw.

Machine Musicianship, 08.04.2025, ICST – Zurich University of the Arts
Title Archimedes Screw
Subtitle for piano automaton and 8-channel sound system
Year 2025
Instrumentation Piano automaton
Duration 5'56''
Short Technical Description piano automaton, 8-channel sound system
Premiere 2025, April 8th
Premiere Details Premiered in the concert "Machine Musicianship" at the ICST, Zurich University of the Arts

The first two parts of this study use a Risset accelerando based on Dan Stowell's article. He explains that "this musical phenomenon is created in a similar fashion to the Risset glissando. Instead of sinusoidal partials, we have parallel streams of a rhythmic pattern played at different relative tempos, […] using a smooth power mapping that ensures the streams at the centre of the tempo range are dominant. The octave relationship between the streams is […] used, but the streams generally run on a slower timescale."

The third part briefly explores a dialogue between the piano automaton and its spatialized shadow. Fluctuating sounds form larger masses or polyphonic streams marked by sequences of synchronicity and asynchronicity.

The piano automaton cannot achieve the infinitesimally smooth amplitude changes needed for a "perfect" Risset effect. This limitation is embraced as a physical-world imperfection, where real masses and parts move. The slight tuning discrepancy between the piano and synthesizer adds a microtonal richness, further emphasizing the contrast between real-world physicality and computed "perfection."

Archimedes Screw was created as part of the project Machine Musicianship. Since 2018, the ICST (Institute for Computer Music and Sound Technology) has owned a piano automaton developed by Winfried Ritsch. Compared to conventional Disklaviers, it offers far more diverse artistic possibilities for algorithmic music. As part of a research project at the ICST, applications for controlling the automaton were developed, and in 2024 it was extended with a pedal system in collaboration with the Institute of Product Development and Production Technologies (IPP) at ZHAW. The new functions were presented for the first time in this concert. Compositions by Kosmas Giannoutakis, Philippe Kocher, Pascal Lund-Jensen, Micha Seidenberg and Lara Stanic exploit the expanded potential and reveal the sound world of the piano automaton with its new pedal automaton. First presented in concert, the works could also be experienced as an installation on the following day.